Electrical-conduit coupling



March 3, 1931. c. H. HAGSTEDT 3979493439 ELECTRICAL CONDUIT COUPLING Filed Feb. 27, 1928 INVENTOR CHJELES 07 ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 3, 1931 1,794,849 V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES H. HAGSTEEDT, OF VALLEY STREAM, NEW YORK ELECTRICAL-CONDUIT COUPLING Application filed February 27, 1928. Serial No. 257,130.

This invention relates to conduits for housmany circumstances as when a long, straight ing electric conductors and is in the nature line is to be run. They have the drawback,

of an improvement upon the invention dishowever, that the long pipe sections, and not closed in my pending application, Serial No. the short, threaded coupling sleeves, have to 104,006, filed April 23, 1926, for electrical conbe turned in effecting threaded connection. 55

duit couplings. v Then too, it is inevitable in every installa- In common with said application it has tion that there will be a certain amount of for an object to provide for connecting the cutting of the pipe sections to fit. Whenever conduit sections inexpensively, with aminie a pipe is cut it presents an end having no 1 mum of parts and labor, and in a manner threads on its exterior and having a sharp, which assures convenient insertion of the coninwardly projecting burr. It has been the ductor without the liability of injury and the practice heretofore for the workman to consequent danger of fire, due to damaged thread this end for the reception of a couinsulation, when the cable is put into use. pling, and it is a positive requirement that The invention is designed for general use, the burr be reamed out. Both of these operaas in the running of transmission lines and tions take time and the reaming of the burr the installation of electrical systems in buildis apt to be slighted by a careless workman. ings. As the inner end of the pipe is concealed It is customary to install the conduit syswhen installed, it is impossible for the intem of a building or line prior to the inserspector to determine how carefully the reamtion of the electrical conductor, as this avoids ing has been done. It is also diflicult without liability of damaging the conductor insulainjury to the line for the inspector to detertion during the construction of the building mine whether the pipes have been turned into and of the conduit line. When the conduit butting relation, and where such defective is complete, a steel cable or snake is thrust work is discovered the remedying of it re- 75 through the conduit from end to end thereof, quires tightening of all the joints along the the electrical conductor is hooked onto the line, because the tightening of one 'joint trailing end of the snake and the leading loosens the next.

end of the snake is then pulled to draw the This invention in common with my pendconductor through the conduit. ing application referred to, relates to a cou- 80 It is required, because of the fire risk repling in which these liabilities of defects are sulting from damaged insulation, that the completely eliminated, the threading of the pipe sections forming the conduit shall butt cut end of the pipe is-made unnecessary, and and that their ends shall be smooth so as to provision is made for the use of a union coupresent no burr or other irregularity likely pling in place of the straight, threaded cou- 35 to out. or otherwise" damage the insulation pling heretofore employed, whereby the juncwhen the cablev is drawn through the conduit. tion of the pipes can be effected by turning The butting of the pipe sections is also imof the coupling instead of the pipe itself.

ortant, for the reason that no obstruction G n rally stated, this is accomplished by should be offered to the thrusting through of providing a coupling internally threaded at the steel cable or snake by which the elecone end but having an unthreaded bore at the trical conductors are drawn through the C011- opposite end of suflicient diameter to receive duit. i e the pipe. The smooth end of the coupling The P P for Colldllifiis a d g y is inserted onto the smooth pipe end until furnished under specifications requiring that th end wall of the pipe engages the shoulder 7 its ends shall be externally threaded and informed by the'innermost thread. A tapered ternally reamed, so that they may be conpunch is then inserted through the threaded nected to a coupling to form a smooth butt end of the couplingfland struck a few sharp joint. These pipe sections, with the usual blows. This is eifec at one operatign to threaded couplings are suitable for use in eliminate the burr, mpact and harden the pipe end, and to spread the pipe end into a recess in the coupling so as to connect it inseparably to the coupling. Such connection, howeve does not prevent the coupling from being turned with reference to the pipe.

The adjoining pipe section may now. have its threaded end attached to the threaded end of the coupling, this operation being most conveniently effected by rotating the cou pling until the threaded pipe section has been drawn into abutting relation with the end wadlll of the section having the unthreaded en With this method of connection, there is no possibilit of the workman leaving a burr within the plpe because the elimination of the burr is a necessary incident to the expanding of the pipe to connect it to the coupling. It is easy for the inspector to determine whether the pipesjhave been turned into butting relation simply by applying a. wrench to the coupling and undertaking to turn the coupling. If it is found that the pipes have not been caused to butt, the defect can be corrected by turning the coupling at that particular joint without disturbing the connection all along the line.

The features of the conduit and coupling as thus far described are common to the couplings of this application and of my pending application referred to above.

It is an object of the present invention to construct a conduit and coupling of the kind described and claimed in the above application in such a manner that greater mechanical strength and greater assurance of an electrical connectlon 'of minimum resistance between the various parts involved shall be secured. A good electrical connection of minimum resistance is desirable and essential in conduits for electrical wires or cables for the reason thatsuch conduits are under some conditions, utilized to carry current. This happens under some conditions when leakage takes place from the electrical conductors within the conduit, and also in cases of lightning and the like. Any high resistance point that might be interposed in the conduits such as at points where portions thereof are joined together imperfectly, is likely to cause overheating or arcing, thereby introducing danger of fire. a

To this end it is a feature of the invention that provision is made of a couplin having between the threaded and unthreade bores thereof a circumferential groove which terminates adjacent the unthreaded bore in an abrupt shoulder.

In conjunction with this coupling of novel construction an expanding punch is utilized, having a tapered nose merging into a.cylindrical body portion. The cylindrical body portion is comparable in length'with the length of the circumferential roove of the coupling, and is provided for tl ie purpose of assuring that the extremity of the conduit will be forced outward to'form an external circumferential collar within the coupling groove, which collar will terminate in an abrupt shoulder in locking engagement with the abrupt shoulder of said groove. The coupling and conduit section are thus more securely and permanently united than heretofore, and a more perfect electrical connection is assured, for the reason that the second, or unthreaded, conduit section may be screwed up very tightly into abutting relation with the expanded unthreaded conduit section without any liability of dislodging the expanded conduit section from the couling.

P It is a further object of the invention to provide for scouring the enamel from the end of the unthreaded conduit section by the application of the coupling thereto. To this end the coupling is made to have a driving lit with the conduit section, and may also be provided with scouring projections in its unthreaded bore. The threaded extremity of the coupling is rabbeted to avoid mutilation of the coupling threads when the coupling is being driven onto the conduit section.

In the drawings forming a part of this specification Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the novel coupling;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the unthreaded pipe section inserted in the coupling;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing the punch in operative position just at the conclusion of its operation;

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the conduit sections connected in accordance with the present invention; and

Figure 5 is a fragmentary, sectional view showing the shape assumed by the end of the conduit section 15 after it has been expanded in the coupling by the punch.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, the novel coupling 10 is provided with an annular internal groove 11 disposed preferably at approximately its midpoint, the groove having an abutting shoulabrupt, sharp-edged shoulder 13 at the other I end thereof. While it is not absolutely essential, it is preferred that the depth of the groove increase from c the shoulder 13 to the shoulder 12, the depth at the shoulder 13 being just sufiicient to serve as a support or ledge for the expanded portion of the pipe which will be described hereinafter. The shoulder 12 is designed as an abutment of the forward end 14 of the pipe section 15. The portion of the coupling 10 lying on one side of the groove 11 is provided with an internal thread 16 while the portion lying on the other side thereof is provided with ridges 17 as shown .in Figure 1 of the drawings. The threaded end of the coupling is rabbeted as shown at 18 in Figure 1 of the drawings.

The conduits or pipes utilized in such conduits are ordinarily made of steel and when received are-coated with enamel, the enamel coating serving the purpose'of protecting the pipes from injurious external influences. In order to obtain a good electrical connection between the coupling 10 and the pipe 15, the internal diameter of the portion 17 of the coupling is made substantially equal to the external diameter of the pipe 15 so that a driving fit may be had between the two elements, the connection being such that relative rotation of the two elements may be hadv by the application of the necessary amount of force. \Vhen the coupling is driven onto thepipe 15 the ridges 17 serve to scalethe enamel off that end of the pipe so that good electrical contact between the coupling and the pipe may be had. The rabbeted end 18 of the coupling which receives the driving blows, protects the thread 16 against any in ury.

The unthreaded end of the coupling adjacent the recess 11 may be formed with one or more tapering recesses 1111, which recesses have sharp shoulders formed at their ex- '30 tremities'remote from groove 11 so that the pipe metal, when expanded by the punch, will be forced into the recesses, and-shoulders will be formed on the pipe for supplementing the longitudinal support afforded by the shouldered lower end of the recess 11. The interlocking eifected'by the provision of these supplementary recesses 11a is clearly illus- "trated in Figures 3 and-4.

After the coupling and the pipe 15 are assembled in the manner shown in Figure 2 so that the end 14 thereof abuts the shoulder 12 of the annular groove 11, the punch 19 is inserted in the manner shown in Figure 3 and is struck a few sharp blows. This operation is effective to drive the end 20-of the punch into the pipe end 15, thisresulting in the elimination of the burr that may have been formed on the end 14 of the pipe during the process of cutting, and this operation also drives the outer end portion of the pipe into the groove 12 and a connection of the type shown in Figures 3 and 4 is obtained.

The punch 19 is provided with a concaveshoulder 21 which in operation abuts against the inner edge of the pipe 15 and serves to ehminate the burr that may exist on that end.

The portion 22 immediately adjacent the beveled portion 21 is preferably substantially cylindrical and its lower edge 23 is preferably so disposed that it does not reach to the shoulder 13 of the annular groove 11. ihe nose 24 of the punch is slightly tapered as shown. When the punchis inserted into the open end of'the pipe 15 and a few sharp blows are administered to the shank of the punch, the beveled portion 21 serves to elimiformed on the outer free end of the pipe 1:)

which fits .in groove 11 and the collar is provided with an abrupt shoulder 26 which cooperates with the shoulder 13 of the annular groove to lock the pipe in place.

It will thus be seen that during the process of forming the joint between the pipe 15 and the coupling 10, the enamel is scaled off the outer face at the end of the pipe, a firm connection is formed between the two elements of such a nature as to form electrical contact between the two elements of minimum resistance, and at the same time an intercugagement or interlocking of the elements is effected of sutiicient strength to prevent any subsequent disengagement of the two or any loosening or weakening of the joint. The two elements are nevertheless maintained rotatable. with relation to each other so that the coupling may be operated as a union.

Thethreaded pipe section 27 is now attached to the coupling 10 by threading the pipe into the threaded end 16 of the coupling. Such threading may be eifected by holding the coupling stationary and turning the pipe, but it can generally be effected more conveniently by holding the pipe stationary and turning the coupling. This turning is carried' on until further turning is positively prevented by the butting'of the ends of the pipe sections 15 and 27. Such butting also forces the expanded end of pipe section 15 into firmer engagement with the coupling 10, taking up any slight play which may previously have been present. It will be observed upon examination of Figure 4 that the driving of the punch not only eliminates the burr of pipe section 15, but that it also provides a smooth, slightly rounded interior surface 28 which merges smoothly with the interior surface 29 of pipe section 27.

The coupling 10 is inexpensive. it being simply a straight. non-reducing coupling.

With the construction described. it will be evident that thejoint will present no obstruction to the thrusting through of the snake. and that it will have no burr or other sharp protuberance tending to cut the insulation of the electrical .conductor when thc latter ..is drawn through.

couplings and whichcould not be secured to a r coupling of the form disclosed with a shallow recess in it by expanding with a punch as the expanded material would olfer too little resistance to prevent it from slipping out of the coupling if any force were applied thereto. It will be understood, therefore, that the piping referred to herein is what may be termed hard metal piping which is made of a material of sufficient strength and rigidity so that when the end of the pipe is slightly expanded as described, it will seat itself firmly within the coupling and will resist all the strains which are commonly encountered in electrical conduit work without being pulled out of the coupling. It will also be noted that after it is once expanded by the punch no internal nipple or other auxiliary device is needed to hold it expand-ed. This is important not only as making thestructure simpler and cheaper, but because the presence of any member inside of the conduit would tend to obstruct the same and interfere with the free introduction of the snake and the electrical conductors. The pipe is also so firmly held within the coupling that it will permit the screw threaded end of the adjacent pipe to be screwed into firm abutting engagement with it so as to'effec't a strong and solid connection between the two pipe sections providing for proper electrical contact between them and for a smooth internal finish at the joint as already described. I

While I have illustrated and described in detail certain preferred forms of my invention, it is to be understood that changes may be made therein and the invention embodied in other structures. I do not, therefore, desire to limit myself to the specific constructions illustrated, but intend to cover my invention broadly in whatever form its principle may be utilized.

hat I claim is: a

1. In a conduit joint of the class described, a tubular coupling having an inner annular groove at approximately its midpoint, said groove having an abrupt shoulder on each side thereof extending substantially at right angles to the axis of the coupling,the inner surface of the coupling on one side of the groove being threaded, and the inner surface of the coupling on the opposite side of the groove being ridged.

2. In a conduit joint of the class described, a tubular coupling having an inner annular groove at approximately 1ts mldpolnt, a

' shoulder portion on each side of the groove extending substantially at right angles to the axis of the coupling, the inner surface of the coupling on one side of the groove being threaded to receive the threaded end of a con- .luit pipe, and the other end of the coupling being adapted to receive the unthreaded end of another conduit.

3. A coupling for connecting electrical conduits having a threaded bore at one end thereof, an unthreaded bore at the opposite end thereof, and a plurality of recesses intermediate the threaded and unthreaded ends into which a conduit section may be expanded, said recesses being formed to provide shoulders extending substantially at right angles to the axis of the coupling for interfitting with the expanded conduit section to prevent separation of said section and the coupling. p

4. In a conduit joint of the class described, a tubular coupling-having a threaded bore at one end thereof, an unthreaded bore at the opposite end thereof, and a circumferential groove between said bores, said groove being bounded by a shoulder extending substantial- 1y at right angles to the axis of the coupling adjacent the unthreaded bore.

5. In a conduit joint of the class described, a tubular coupling having a threaded bore at one end thereof, an unthreaded bore at the opposite end thereof, and a circumferential groove between said bores, said groove being shouldered substantially at right angles to the axis of the coupling adjacent the unthreaded bore, a conduit section inserted in the unthreaded bore, and having its end expanded in the groove to form an abrupt shoulder on the conduit section interlocked with the shoulder of the groove for preventing separation of the coupling and the conduit section. '6. A conduit coupling having a threaded bore at one end thereof, an unthreaded bore at the opposite end thereof adapted to have a driving fit with a conduit section, said coupling also having a circumferential groove intermediate said bores and being provided with a rabbet at its threaded extremity to enable the coupling to be driven on the conduit section without mutilation of the threads.

7. ,A conduit coupling having a threaded bore at one end thereof, an unthreaded bore at the opposite end thereof adapted to be driven onto a conduit section and provided with internal projections for scouring the conduit as it is driven on the conduit, and also, having a circumferential groove intermediate said bores and being provided with a rabbet at its threaded extremity to enable the coupling to be driven on theconduit section without mutilation of the threads.

In testimony whereof, I have afiixed my signature to this specification.

. CHARLES H. HAGSTED'I. 

